How Many Components Make Up a Lamp?

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The Framework of Lighting Solutions

Before understanding how a lamp is constructed from a structural standpoint, it is important to mention what the regulations stipulate for this type of product. Since it is a device that operates continuously underwater, the required protection rating is IP68. This rating indicates a body that is fully protected against the ingress of dust, sand, and generally any solid object of very small dimensions, making it suitable for permanent immersion in water. Regarding electrical installation, one must observe the technical regulations. Electrical systems for pools and fountains are governed by the CEI 64-8 Section 702 standard. The UNI CEI standard defines three zones (see the article on pool zones). In zones 0 and 1, only SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) circuits are allowed, with a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC or 30 V DC. For this reason, lamps on the market have voltages between 12 volts (AC) and 24 volts (DC).

How Many Components Make Up a Lamp?
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The components that make up a lamp are:

  1. Mechanical body: Generally circular in shape, this element houses the LEDs and, if necessary, the electronic circuits required for their control. Lamps are available on the market with bodies made of plastic, glass, or metallic materials such as bronze or, in most cases, AISI 316L steel (also known as marine steel).
  2. LED: Including the related control electronics, necessary for the emission of light.
  3. Power supply cable to the lamp: Typically, a neoprene cable is used, although there are more suitable cables on the market designed for permanent immersion, which are more resistant even when used in aggressive waters like thermal waters (an example is the PBSSPOT cable, similar to the cable used to power pool cleaners).